![Download the v2 PDF here. The guide is also available in Word Document format in English (ZIP) as well as Word Document format translation in Spanish (ZIP). [Version 1.1] - 2004-08-14. Version 1.1 is released as the OWASP Web Application Penetration Checklist. Download the v1.1 PDF here. [Version 1.0] - 2004-12-10. Download the v1 PDF here ... . 20191118_vdhi_feiertagskalender_2020.pdf](/img/512x512/404563362722.webp)
OWASP Top Ten: The OWASP Top Ten is a list of the 10 most dangerous current Web application security flaws, along with effective methods of dealing with those flaws. OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) is an organization that provides unbiased and practical, cost-effective information about computer and Internet applications. Project ... Sep 6, 2023 · OWASP Cornucopia Ecommerce Website Edition is referenced in the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council information supplement PCI DSS E-commerce Guidelines v2, January 2013. OWASP Cornucopia on the main website for The OWASP Foundation. OWASP is a nonprofit foundation that works to improve the …The objective of this document is to bridge the gaps in information security by breaking down complex problems into more manageable repeatable functions: detection, reporting, and remediation. The guide solely focuses on building repeatable processes in cycles. Feb 11, 2020 · OWASP SAMM v2 is an effective and measurable way for all types of organizations to analyze and improve their ... the SAMM team now automatically generates the Maturity Model that includes PDF ... methodologies, documentation, tools, and technologies. The latest version of SAMM can be downloaded from https://owasp ...Jan 31, 2020 · OWASP SAMM (Software Assurance Maturity Model) is the OWASP framework to help organizations assess, formulate, and implement, through our self-assessment model, a strategy for software security they can integrate into their existing Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). An updated SAMM Toolbox to perform SAMM assessments and create SAMM roadmaps. OWASP DevSecOps Maturity Model. DSOGL. DSOMM. It offers adaptable recommendations and best practices, allowing organizations to customize their security strategies to fit their unique requirements. Emphasizing education and awareness, this initiative fosters a culture of security consciousness within development, security, and operations teams. The OWASP API Security Top 10 for 2023 highlights critical vulnerabilities that pose significant risks to API security. Understanding these vulnerabilities and taking proactive …For more information about this methodology, you can check their PDF and focus on sections 6,7 and 8. OWASP. The OWASP proposed methodology is a very different one. This is due to the type of tests this methodology was made for. OWASP is an open-source project made to make web applications more secure. Therefore, the methodology developed by ... of these methodologies is organisations engaged in software development, a multivocal study covering methodologies from industry, government organizations and academic research is most appropriate. In our survey, we map the security practices used in the methodologies according to the SDLC stages, as is customary for such methodologies [4]. Top 10 Mobile Risks - Final List 2014. M1: Weak Server Side Controls. M2: Insecure Data Storage. M3: Insufficient Transport Layer Protection. M4: Unintended Data Leakage. M5: Poor Authorization and Authentication. M6: Broken Cryptography. M7: Client Side Injection. M8: Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs.Dec 10, 2023 · OWASP Mobile Security Testing Guide. Security Testing Guidelines for Mobile Apps. Kali Linux. Information Supplement: Requirement 11.3 Penetration Testing. Edit on GitHub. WSTG - Stable on the main website for The OWASP Foundation. OWASP is a nonprofit foundation that works to improve the security of software.The goal of the OWASP Top 10 is to provide a basic taxonomy of risk with respect to web application vulnerabilities. Future versions of the OWASP Top 10 are slated to be more …Setup ZAP Browser. First, close all active Firefox sessions. Launch Zap tool >> go to Tools menu >> select options >> select Local Proxy >> there we can see the address as localhost (127.0.0.1) and port as 8080, we can change to other port if it is already using, say I am changing to 8099.3. The OWASP Testing Framework; 3.1 The Web Security Testing Framework; 3.2 Phase 1 Before Development Begins; 3.3 Phase 2 During Definition and Design; 3.4 Phase 3 During Development; 3.5 Phase 4 During Deployment; 3.6 Phase 5 During Maintenance and Operations; 3.7 A Typical SDLC Testing Workflow; 3.8 Penetration Testing Methodologies; 4. OWASP Mobile Security Testing Guide. Security Testing Guidelines for Mobile Apps. Kali Linux. Information Supplement: Requirement 11.3 Penetration Testing. Edit on GitHub. WSTG - v4.2 on the main website for The OWASP Foundation. OWASP is a nonprofit foundation that works to improve the security of software. SAST tests the application’s internal source code in early development phases to ensure developers follow the best security practices when writing code. In contrast, DAST testing begins in later development phases in a working application. It tests the application while it’s running to discover its susceptibility to the most common cyber ...Then, as described in my Normalizing Risk Scores Across Different Methodologies blog post, we would normalize that score on a 10 point scale with the following formula: Risk = 18.725 x 10 / Max Risk Score = 18.725 x 10 / 25 = 7.49. With the default scoring matrix in SimpleRisk, this would be considered a High risk: With the OWASP Risk Rating ... Dec 10, 2023 · The Web Security Testing Guide (WSTG) Project produces the premier cybersecurity testing resource for web application developers and security professionals. The WSTG is a comprehensive guide to testing the security of web applications and web services. Created by the collaborative efforts of cybersecurity professionals and …OWASP and all of our materials are available under a free and open software license. The OWASP Foundation is a U.S. recognized 501(c)(3) not-for-profit charitable organization, that ensures the ongoing availability and support for our work at OWASP. Further information:Top 10 OWASP Vulnerabilities for 2023. December 19, 2023 in Cyber Attacks. New digital risks are constantly emerging, as are the prevention and mitigation strategies that keep apps safe from attacks. Keeping up can be a struggle, but the failure to do so could prove devastating: without a robust security strategy, you risk data breaches ...The OWASP Testing Guide includes a "best practice" penetration testing framework which users can implement in their own organizations and a "low level" penetration testing guide that describes techniques for testing most common web application and web service security issues. - GitHub - wisec/OWASP-Testing-Guide-v5: The OWASP Testing Guide …Dec 10, 2023 · WSTG - v4.1. Introduction The OWASP Testing Project. The OWASP Testing Project has been in development for many years. The aim of the project is to help people understand the what, why, when, where, and how of testing web applications. The project has delivered a complete testing framework, not merely a simple checklist or …Astra’s Security Testing is based on the OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) Testing Methodologies and the OWASP Testing Framework. During the audit we …In terms of technical security testing execution, the OWASP testing guides are highly recommended. Depending on the types of the applications, the testing guides are listed below for the web/cloud services, Mobile app (Android/iOS), or IoT firmware respectively. \n \n; OWASP Web Security Testing Guide \n; OWASP Mobile Security Testing Guide \nowasp .org. The Open Worldwide Application Security Project [7] ( OWASP) is an online community that produces freely available articles, methodologies, documentation, tools, and technologies in the fields of IoT, system software and web application security. [8] [9] [10] The OWASP provides free and open resources. Aug 31, 2022 · A range of penetration testing methodologies have been developed to enable security professionals to achieve this safely and effectively. In this blog post, we discuss the leading pen testing methodologies, including OSSTM, OWASP, NIST, PTES, and ISSAF, what they involve and the aspects they cover. Methodology The methodology section goes into more detail on how to integrate secure review techniques into de-velopment organizations S-SDLC and how the personnel reviewing the code can ensure they have the correct context to conduct an effective review. Topics include applying risk based intelligence to securi- Jun 16, 2021 · This is achieved through analyses and association of the test results in a regulated and reliable way. Furthermore, the manual provides gaudiness for analysts to perform an OSSTMM audit. The guidelines, when followed correctly, can assure the following: 1. The test was conducted thoroughly. 2. The test included all necessary …Then, as described in my Normalizing Risk Scores Across Different Methodologies blog post, we would normalize that score on a 10 point scale with the following formula: Risk = 18.725 x 10 / Max Risk Score = 18.725 x 10 / 25 = 7.49. With the default scoring matrix in SimpleRisk, this would be considered a High risk: With the OWASP Risk Rating ...Shifting up one position to #2, previously known as Sensitive Data Exposure, which is more of a broad symptom rather than a root cause, the focus is on failures related to cryptography (or lack thereof). Which often lead to exposure of sensitive data. Notable Common Weakness Enumerations (CWEs) included are CWE-259: Use of Hard-coded Password ...OWASP Web Security Testing Guide. Welcome to the official repository for the Open Web Application Security Project® (OWASP®) Web Security Testing Guide (WSTG). The …concepts and methodologies, may be used by federal agencies even before the completion of such companion publications. Thus, until each publication is completed, current requirements, guidelines, and procedures, where they exist, remain operative. For planning and transition purposes, federalThe OWASP Top 10 2021 is a good start as a baseline for checklists and so on, but it's not in itself sufficient. Stage 1. Identify the gaps and goals of your appsec program. Many Application Security (AppSec) programs try to run before they can crawl or walk. These efforts are doomed to failure. We strongly encourage CISOs and AppSec leadership ...OWASP/www-project-web-security-testing-guide. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. About. The Web Security Testing Guide (WSTG) Project produces the premier cybersecurity testing resource for web application developers and security professionals.The OWASP API Security Top 10 is a standard reference guide highlighting the most critical web API vulnerabilities to help developers and organizations understand and mitigate potential security threats. We just published a course on the freeCodeCamp.org YouTube channel that will teach you about each security risk and techniques toDec 13, 2023 · Manual, Automated, and Hybrid penetration testing methodologies mapped to NIST CSF and OWASP Frameworks; Comprehensive, Compliant-ready Pentest Reports, Free of false positives, conducted in ½ the time at ½ the price of alternatives; Secure Cloud Platform Engineered for Advanced Penetration Testing and Vulnerability ManagementSep 30, 2008 · The purpose of this document is to assist organizations in planning and conducting technical information security tests and examinations, analyzing findings, and developing mitigation strategies. The guide provides practical recommendations for designing, implementing, and maintaining technical information security test and examination processes and procedures. These can be used for several ... IoT is the latest technology i.e Internet of Things. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity—that enables these objects to collect and exchange data. World wide 50 billion devices will be connected to ... Project History OpenSAMM 1.0 OWASP SAMM 1.1 OWASP SAMM 1.5 OWASP SAMM 2.0 OpenSAMMMarch 2009 March 2016 February 2017 2018-2019. 6. SAMM Framework • For each of the four Business Functions, three Security Practices are defined • The security practices cover areas relevant to software security assurance. 7.The objective of this document is to bridge the gaps in information security by breaking down complex problems into more manageable repeatable functions: detection, reporting, and …Sep 6, 2023 · OWASP Cornucopia Ecommerce Website Edition is referenced in the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council information supplement PCI DSS E-commerce Guidelines v2, January 2013. OWASP Cornucopia on the main website for The OWASP Foundation. OWASP is a nonprofit foundation that works to improve the security …Feb 11, 2020 · OWASP SAMM v2 is an effective and measurable way for all types of organizations to analyze and improve their ... the SAMM team now automatically generates the Maturity Model that includes PDF ... methodologies, documentation, tools, and technologies. The latest version of SAMM can be downloaded from https://owasp ...Secure Product Design comes about through two processes: Product Inception; and. Product Design. The first process happens when a product is conceived, or when an existing product is being re-invented. The latter is continuous, evolutionary, and done in an agile way, close to where the code is being written. Whilst it is beyond scope of this checklist to prescribe a penetration testing methodology (this will be covered in OWASP Testing Part Two), we have included a model testing workflow below. Below is a flow diagram that the tester may find useful when using the testing techniques described in this document. Mar 9, 2021 · the OWASP Testing Guide. Initially code review was covered in the Testing Guide, as it seemed like a good idea at the time. However, the topic of security code review is too big and evolved into its own stand-alone guide. I started the Code Review Project in 2006. This current edi-tion was started in April 2013 via the OWASP Project RebootIn this chapter, a methodology for performing IoT device penetration tests will be described. It is based on the concepts, presented in 2.1. IoT Device Model and 2.2. Attacker Model and serves as a supplement, which can be used with pre-existing penetration testing workflows and frameworks. The methodology comprises key aspects of testing that ... Dec 3, 2020 · Version 4.2 of the Web Security Testing Guide introduces new testing scenarios, updates existing chapters, and offers an improved reading experience with a clearer writing style and chapter layout. …Some of the key benefits and advantages of Android penetration testing are: Uncover security risks of Android apps. Improve the app efficiency. Protect sensitive app data fro9m hackers. Protect application data from other ill-behaving apps. Prevent reputational loss. Decrease the cost of the data breach.Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM) OSSTMM is a methodology to test the operational security of physical locations, workflow, human …Nov 18, 2015 · concepts and methodologies, may be used by federal agencies even before the completion of such companion publications. Thus, until each publication is completed, current requirements, guidelines, and procedures, where they exist, remain operative. For planning and transition purposes, federalSep 22, 2019 · ISECOMFeb 22, 2019 · •OWASP Software Assurance Maturity Model (SAMM) Overall, must be simple, well-defined, and measurable. Project History OpenSAMM 1.0 OWASP SAMM 1.1 OWASP SAMM 1.5 OWASP SAMM 2.0 March 2009 OpenSAMM March 2016 February 2017 BETA –Jan 2019. The Core Team •Sebastien (Seba) Deleersnyder–Project Leader, …Welcome. As we focus on incremental improvement, this release introduces numerous updates. We’ve standardized scenario formats to create a better reading experience, added objectives for each testing scenario, merged sections, and added new scenarios on some modern testing topics. OWASP thanks the many authors, reviewers, and editors for ...Aug 16, 2023 · OWASP and NIST are complementary web security standards that can help you achieve a higher level of security for your web applications. OWASP focuses more on the technical aspects of web security ...3 days ago · NIST. 5. PTES. 6. ISSAF. In conclusion. Penetration tests can deliver widely different results depending on which standards and methodologies they leverage. Updated penetration testing standards …Securing the SDLC: A Practical Guide by Jim Manico. This PDF document provides an overview of how to apply OWASP projects and standards to enhance the security of the software development lifecycle. It covers topics such as threat modeling, design review, coding practices, testing tools, and deployment strategies. 2. OWASP. For all matters of application security, the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is the most recognized standard in the industry. This methodology, powered by a very well-versed community that stays on top of the latest technologies, has helped countless organizations to curb application vulnerabilities. Mar 9, 2021 · cost-effective information about application security. OWASP is not affiliated with any technology company, although we support the informed use of commercial security technology. Similar to many open-source software projects, OWASP produces many types of materials in a collaborative, open way. The OWASP Foundation is a not-for-profit …Nov 30, 2011 · Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. [email protected]. Penetration testing is a series of activities undertaken to identify and exploit sec urity vulnerabilities. It. helps confirm the effectiveness or ...Moving up from the fifth position, 94% of applications were tested for some form of broken access control with the average incidence rate of 3.81%, and has the most occurrences in the contributed dataset with over 318k. Notable Common Weakness Enumerations (CWEs) included are CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor ...About OWASP. The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is an open community dedicated to enabling organizations to develop, purchase, and maintain applications and APIs that can be trusted. Complete books on application security testing, secure code development, and secure code review. Events, training, and conferences.cost-effective information about application security. OWASP is not affiliated with any technology company, although we support the informed use of commercial security technology. Similar to many open-source software projects, OWASP produces many types of materials in a collaborative, open way. The OWASP Foundation is a not-for-profit entity that Feb 15, 2021 · ASVS. The OWASP ASVS is a community-driven effort to standardize security testing. It combines multiple existing standards such as PCI DSS, OWASP Top 10, NIST 800-63-3, and the OWASP Proactive Controls 2018 in a commercially workable format. Each requirement in the ASVS is mapped to the Common Weakness …ISECOM OWASP Firmware Security Testing Methodology. Whether network connected or standalone, firmware is the center of controlling any embedded device. As such, it is …The OWASP API Security Top 10 is a standard reference guide highlighting the most critical web API vulnerabilities to help developers and organizations understand and mitigate potential security threats. We just published a course on the freeCodeCamp.org YouTube channel that will teach you about each security risk and techniques toWelcome. As we focus on incremental improvement, this release introduces numerous updates. We’ve standardized scenario formats to create a better reading experience, added objectives for each testing scenario, merged sections, and added new scenarios on some modern testing topics. OWASP thanks the many authors, reviewers, and editors for ...The Top 4 Penetration Testing Methodologies Penetration testing, also known as ethical hacking, is the practice of testing a computer system, network or web application to find security vulnerabilities that an attacker could exploit. Pen testing can be performed manually or using automated tools and follows a defined methodology. There are several leading …Dec 13, 2023 · Manual, Automated, and Hybrid penetration testing methodologies mapped to NIST CSF and OWASP Frameworks; Comprehensive, Compliant-ready Pentest Reports, Free of false positives, conducted in ½ the time at ½ the price of alternatives; Secure Cloud Platform Engineered for Advanced Penetration Testing and Vulnerability ManagementSecure Product Design comes about through two processes: Product Inception; and. Product Design. The first process happens when a product is conceived, or when an existing product is being re-invented. The latter is continuous, evolutionary, and done in an agile way, close to where the code is being written. Feb 8, 2022 · Download conference paper PDF 1 Introduction. The growth of IoT ... Whereas our proposed methodology is also based on a standard risk model, it looks similar to the OWASP methodology but in terms of implementation and interpretation is much different. Our proposed methodology is specific for smart home, impact estimated …Dec 2, 2016 · PTES (Penetration Testing Methodologies and Standards) The penetration testing execution standard covers everything related to a penetration test. From the initial communication, information gathering it also covers threat modeling phases where testers are working behind the scenes to get a better understanding of the tested organization, …Validate the file type, don't trust the Content-Type header as it can be spoofed. Change the filename to something generated by the application. Set a filename length limit. Restrict the allowed characters if possible. Set a file size limit. Only allow authorized users to upload files. Store the files on a different server.The MITRE ATT&CK framework is a living, growing document of threat tactics and techniques that have been observed from millions of attacks on enterprise networks. The funky acronym stands for ...Nov 26, 2023 · Establish secure outsourced development practices including defining security requirements and verification methodologies in both the request for proposal (RFP) and contract. Secure Coding Practices on the main website for The OWASP Foundation. OWASP is a nonprofit foundation that works to improve the security of software.3 days ago · NIST. 5. PTES. 6. ISSAF. In conclusion. Penetration tests can deliver widely different results depending on which standards and methodologies they leverage. Updated penetration testing standards …The Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM) is a methodology to test the operational security of physical locations, workflow, human security testing, …Top 10 Web Application Security Risks. There are three new categories, four categories with naming and scoping changes, and some consolidation in the Top 10 for 2021. A01:2021-Broken Access Control moves up from the fifth position; 94% of applications were tested for some form of broken access control. The 34 Common Weakness Enumerations (CWEs ... Jul 8, 2022 · OWASP Top 10 2021 Presentation (Jul 2022) - Download as a PDF or view online for free. OWASP Top 10 2021 Presentation (Jul 2022) - Download as a PDF or view online for free ... technology or functionality could assist with its fundamental flaws Secure design is a culture / methodology that constantly evaluates threats and ensures that code …Abstract. With this explorative study the author has attempted to clarify whether the four main publicly available penetration testing methodologies, the Open …Feb 15, 2021 · ASVS. The OWASP ASVS is a community-driven effort to standardize security testing. It combines multiple existing standards such as PCI DSS, OWASP Top 10, NIST 800-63-3, and the OWASP Proactive Controls 2018 in a commercially workable format. Each requirement in the ASVS is mapped to the Common Weakness …Mar 9, 2021 · The best practices and methods described are applicable to any and all development approaches as long as they result in the creation of software artifacts. It establishes a process of life cycle for software, including processes and activities applied during the acquisition and configuration of the services of the system.Mar 22, 2019 · Penetration testing (pentesting), or ethical hacking. Responsible disclosure. The process of assessing an application or infrastructure for vulnerabilities in an attempt to exploit those vulnerabilities, and circumvent or defeat security features of system components through rigorous manual testing. Vulnerabilities may exist due to.Jan 2, 2024 · Methodology and Data. The following stages take place for the release of each Top 10 version: A Call for Contribution is published in the project Email group and Slack channel. Security practitioners and organizations are encouraged to contribute: Data that illustrates the prevalence of Low-Code/No-Code security risks. Real-world examples of ...As most of the bug bounty programs are related to web targets, the “The Web Application Hacker’s Handbook” is a must-read book that I suggest to everyone. Sharing is caring! This is the motto of many well known researchers that like to share vulnerabilities they find, and their methodology, so make sure to read blog posts of other hackers.
Jan 2, 2024 · Methodology and Data. The following stages take place for the release of each Top 10 version: A Call for Contribution is published in the project Email group and Slack channel. Security practitioners and organizations are encouraged to contribute: Data that illustrates the prevalence of Low-Code/No-Code security risks. Real-world examples of .... Dodge grand caravan won
In terms of technical security testing execution, the OWASP testing guides are highly recommended. Depending on the types of the applications, the testing guides are listed below for the web/cloud services, Mobile app (Android/iOS), or IoT firmware respectively. \n \n; OWASP Web Security Testing Guide \n; OWASP Mobile Security Testing Guide \nJan 31, 2020 · OWASP SAMM (Software Assurance Maturity Model) is the OWASP framework to help organizations assess, formulate, and implement, through our self-assessment model, a strategy for software security they can integrate into their existing Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). An updated SAMM Toolbox to perform SAMM assessments and create SAMM roadmaps. IoT is the latest technology i.e Internet of Things. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity—that enables these objects to collect and exchange data. World wide 50 billion devices will be connected to ... The Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) is a set of fundamental, sound, and secure software development practices based on established secure software development practice documents from organizations such as BSA, OWASP, and SAFECode. Few software development life cycle (SDLC) models explicitly …Penetration Testing Methodologies Summary. OWASP Testing Guides. Web Security Testing Guide (WSTG) Mobile Security Testing Guide (MSTG) Firmware Security …Jan 31, 2020 · OWASP SAMM (Software Assurance Maturity Model) is the OWASP framework to help organizations assess, formulate, and implement, through our self-assessment model, a strategy for software security they can integrate into their existing Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). An updated SAMM Toolbox to perform SAMM assessments and create SAMM roadmaps. Feb 21, 2020 · well-defined, and measurable OWASP Software Assurance Maturity Model (SAMM) Maturity levels and scoring Maturity levels Assessment scores 3 Comprehensive mastery at scale 1 Most 2 Increased efficiency and effectiveness 0.5 At least half 1 Ad-hoc provision 0.2 Some 0 Practice unfulfilled 0 NoneFeb 2, 2022 · with its assigned statutory responsibilities. The information in this publication, including concepts and methodologies, may be used by federal agencies even before the completion of such companion publications. Thus, until each publication is completed, current requirements, guidelines, and procedures, where they exist, remain operative. ForSep 6, 2023 · OWASP Cornucopia Ecommerce Website Edition is referenced in the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council information supplement PCI DSS E-commerce Guidelines v2, January 2013. OWASP Cornucopia on the main website for The OWASP Foundation. OWASP is a nonprofit foundation that works to improve the …Top 10 Mobile Risks - Final List 2014. M1: Weak Server Side Controls. M2: Insecure Data Storage. M3: Insufficient Transport Layer Protection. M4: Unintended Data Leakage. M5: Poor Authorization and Authentication. M6: Broken Cryptography. M7: Client Side Injection. M8: Security Decisions Via Untrusted Inputs.Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM) OSSTMM is a methodology to test the operational security of physical locations, workflow, human …Jun 16, 2021 · This is achieved through analyses and association of the test results in a regulated and reliable way. Furthermore, the manual provides gaudiness for analysts to perform an OSSTMM audit. The guidelines, when followed correctly, can assure the following: 1. The test was conducted thoroughly. 2. The test included all necessary channels. The objective of this document is to bridge the gaps in information security by breaking down complex problems into more manageable repeatable functions: detection, reporting, and remediation. The guide solely focuses on building repeatable processes in cycles. Mar 9, 2021 · 9 SAMM / U NDERSTANDING THE M ODEL - V 1.5 Assurance programs might not always consist of activities that neatly fall on a boundary between maturity levels, e.g. an organization that assesses to a Level 1 for a given practice might also have additional activities in place but not such that Level 2 is.